# 🐍 Core Python (your foundation) These are built-in. You’ll use them everywhere. * `socket` β†’ low-level networking (port scanners, connections) * `subprocess` β†’ run system commands (e.g. `ping`, `nmap`) * `os` β†’ interact with the operating system * `sys` β†’ handle arguments and runtime behavior * `threading` / `concurrent.futures` β†’ speed up scans * `time` β†’ delays, timing attacks (basic) * `re` β†’ regex (log analysis, pattern detection) * `json` β†’ handle API and structured data * `argparse` β†’ clean CLI tools (very useful) --- # 🌐 Networking & Web Where most beginner cybersecurity action happens. * `requests` β†’ send HTTP requests (GET, POST, etc.) * `urllib` β†’ lower-level web handling * `http.client` β†’ raw HTTP interactions πŸ‘‰ You’ll use these for: * Web scanners * API testing * Automation scripts --- # 🍲 Parsing & Scraping Turning messy data into something useful. * `BeautifulSoup` (bs4) β†’ parse HTML * `lxml` β†’ faster HTML/XML parsing πŸ‘‰ Useful for: * Extracting forms and inputs * Web reconnaissance --- # πŸ” Security & Scanning More β€œcyber-flavored” tools. * `scapy` β†’ packet crafting/sniffing (very powerful) * `nmap` (via `python-nmap`) β†’ automate scans * `shodan` β†’ search exposed devices (API) πŸ‘‰ These unlock: * Network analysis * Recon automation --- # πŸ” Cryptography & Hashing For passwords, encryption, and security logic. * `hashlib` β†’ hashing (MD5, SHA256, etc.) * `hmac` β†’ message authentication * `cryptography` β†’ encryption/decryption (advanced) πŸ‘‰ Use cases: * Password crackers * Hash verification --- # πŸ“‚ File & Log Analysis Blue team territory. * `pandas` β†’ analyze large datasets/logs * `csv` β†’ parse log files * `collections` β†’ count patterns (e.g. IP frequency) --- # βš™οΈ CLI & Tooling (make your scripts look pro) * `argparse` β†’ command-line arguments * `colorama` β†’ colored terminal output * `rich` β†’ beautiful CLI dashboards ---