Files
CCNA-Notes/14. Subnetting (Part 2).md

191 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
# Subnetting (Part 2)
## Problem
You have a network topology where each segment requires **45 hosts**:
```
45 hosts -> SW1 -> R1 <- SW3 <- 45 hosts
45 hosts -> SW2 -> R1 <- SW4 <- 45 hosts
```
You are given the network:
* **192.168.1.0/24**
Your task is to divide it into **4 subnets**, each capable of supporting at least 45 hosts.
---
## Step 1: Choose the Right Subnet Size
To support **45 hosts**, we need:
* ( 2^n - 2 \geq 45 )
* ( n = 6 ) → ( 2^6 - 2 = 62 ) hosts
So each subnet must be a **/26**.
---
## Step 2: Subnet Breakdown (/26)
Each subnet increases by **64 addresses**.
---
### Subnet 1
* **Network:** 192.168.1.0/26
* **Range:** 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.63
* **Broadcast:** 192.168.1.63
Binary:
```
11000000.10101000.00000001.00 000000
```
---
### Subnet 2
* **Network:** 192.168.1.64/26
* **Range:** 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.127
* **Broadcast:** 192.168.1.127
---
### Subnet 3
* **Network:** 192.168.1.128/26
* **Range:** 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.191
* **Broadcast:** 192.168.1.191
---
### Subnet 4
* **Network:** 192.168.1.192/26
* **Range:** 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.255
* **Broadcast:** 192.168.1.255
---
## Quick Trick 💡
Each subnet jumps by **64**:
* 0 → 64 → 128 → 192
Think of it like stepping stones across a river. Same stride, different landing spots.
---
## Subnetting Basics
* **Number of subnets:**
( 2^x ) (x = borrowed bits)
* **Number of hosts per subnet:**
( 2^n - 2 ) (n = host bits)
---
## Identify the Subnet
### Example 1
**Host:** 192.168.5.57/27
* /27 → block size = 32
* Subnets: 0, 32, 64, ...
57 falls between **32 and 63**
**Network:** 192.168.5.32/27
---
### Example 2
**Host:** 192.168.29.219/29
* /29 → block size = 8
* Subnets: 0, 8, 16, ..., 216, 224
219 falls between **216 and 223**
**Network:** 192.168.29.216/29
---
## Class C Reference Table
| Prefix | Subnets | Hosts |
| ------ | ------- | ----- |
| /25 | 2 | 126 |
| /26 | 4 | 62 |
| /27 | 8 | 30 |
| /28 | 16 | 14 |
| /29 | 32 | 6 |
| /30 | 64 | 2 |
---
## Subnetting Class B Networks
The method is exactly the same. Only the starting mask changes.
---
### Example 1
**Network:** 172.16.0.0/16
**Required subnets:** 80
* ( 2^7 = 128 ) → enough
* New prefix: **/23**
---
### Example 2
**Network:** 172.22.0.0/16
**Required subnets:** 500
* ( 2^9 = 512 )
* New prefix: **/25**
---
### Example 3
**Network:** 172.18.0.0/16
**Required subnets:** 250
* ( 2^8 = 256 )
* New prefix: **/24**
---
## Class B Reference Table
| Prefix | Subnets | Hosts |
| ------ | ------- | ----- |
| /17 | 2 | 32766 |
| /18 | 4 | 16382 |
| /19 | 8 | 8190 |
| /20 | 16 | 4094 |
| /21 | 32 | 2046 |
| /22 | 64 | 1022 |
| /23 | 128 | 510 |
| /24 | 256 | 254 |
---
## Final Review
* Subnetting is about **borrowing bits**
* Larger prefix = more subnets, fewer hosts
* Smaller prefix = fewer subnets, more hosts